Sanborn, Rhoda Mabel Young, 1863-1950 (Person) Language of Materials. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. A young boy has died and his mother has been hospitalized after being attacked by a pack of dogs over the weekend, according to tribal authorities. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. Isaac Haight's stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt . "John D. Lee Arrested". A musket ball intended to dispatch John Taylor's life was instead deflected off of his pocket watch. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. Under his direction, the Mormons built roads and bridges, forts, irrigation projects; established public welfare; organized a militia; issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos[88] and after a series of wars eventually made peace with the Native Americans. "[128] Young was also a vocal opponent of theories of human polygenesis, being a firm voice for stating that all humans were the product of one creation. [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. On. The alleged rape came in the context of the bloody Mormon War of 1838, which saw the massacre of eighteen unsuspecting Mormon men and boys during an attack on a settlement by Missouri non-Mormons . "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. After bearing mortal children and establishing the human race, Adam and Eve returned to their heavenly thrones where Adam acts as the god of this world. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. 45-year-old Professor Michael James Clay has been charged with two counts of the second-degree felony of forcible sexual abuse for what he allegedly did to the Brigham Young coed in his charge. Provo, Utah Area. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. 1940 Creator. BYU, which is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, forbids sexual activity among members of the student body, much less between a . Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. However, Young later testified that he cut Lee off when he started to describe the massacre because he could not bear to hear the details. Brigham Young University student Matt Easton came out as gay during his convocation speech on April 26, 2019. He also led the Anointed Quorum. He also provisioned the building of the Endowment House, a "temporary temple" which began to be used in 1855 to provide temple ordinances to church members while the Salt Lake Temple was under construction. [144], The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre, which took place in Washington County in 1857, is disputed. His call was to preach to the "remnants of Joseph," a term people in the Church used to refer to indigenous people. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. Jedediah M. Grant, one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout the Territory preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. "[113] Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind, and believed sex should be confined to marriage. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. Brigham Young served as president until his death on August 29, 1877. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. The item provides genealogical information concerning Brigham Young's wives, children, and grandchildren. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. [171], On this topic, Young wrote: "They have not wisdom to act like white men. Under Smith's leadership, Young participated in the building of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. Brigham Young chosen to lead Mormon Church After Joseph Smith, the founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormonism, and his brother, Hyrum, were murdered by. Hamblin said he was told by Young and Smith to keep quiet, but that "as soon as we can get a court of justice, we will ferret this thing out. [143] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. [95][96] Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible we must believe in slavery. He cited as his reason for this that he was ready to relieve himself from the burden of "secular affairs. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. He joined the Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. [65] Not all church members followed Young. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. A flyer passed out by a neo-Nazi group outside Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston on January 22, 2022 targeting anti-racism physicians Anonymous They are also among a cadre of doctors across the country who are confronting mounting intimidation on social media, and threats of violence. [130] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. "[97] Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with the New York Tribune that he considered slavery a "divine institution not to be abolished". Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. Will Richardson spoke to KPHO and showed what he called bite marks on his 9-year-old son Matthew's neck and back. [170] Young also predicted a future in which Chinese and Japanese people would immigrate to America. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston says its policy won't allow DJ Ferguson to have the surgery since not being vaccinated seriously hurts its chances for success and his long-term outlook. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. Young also served a year-long mission to the United Kingdom. Young established a gold mint in 1849 and called for the minting of coins using gold dust which had been accumulated from travelers during the Gold Rush. Young, himself, was subjected to house arrest for several weeks in 1872 and jailed briefly in March 1875. They converted to the church, including his cousin Willard Richards. [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. 19" was nothing short of a bombshell. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. In such a framework, the message to "not interfere" would be subordinate to the main message: let nothing stand in the way of the Mormon-Paiute alliance. [174], Young was a polygamist, having at least fifty-six wives. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? [40][41] Young also served in various leadership and community organization roles among church members in Nauvoo. On Tuesday, DJ Ferguson was in open-heart surgery to receive a mechanical heart pump, called a left ventricular assist device, which should keep him alive for up to five years, according to his parents, who worry about the toll the device will have on their son's quality of life. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. DJ Ferguson's family say he was first on the list to receive the transplant at Brigham and Women's Hospital but he is no longer eligible because of his vaccination status, CBS Boston. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. One of the comments on this movie was that Joseph Smith had appointed his son, Joseph Smith Jr., to be the next prophet which has been a topic of debate since the death of Joseph Smith. Young was played by Dean Jagger in the 1940 film Brigham Young. An estimated 5,000 members were endowed between December 10, 1845 and February 1846. He was the ninth child of John Young and Abigail "Nabby" Howe. Later, after taking up the mantle of Mormon leader following Smith's death from dysentery, Young is among those visited by Jesus and told to have as much sex as they possibly can, to ensure the propagation of the Mormon faith.[194]. [13] Young worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill. Lyon, T. Edgar (1989). [2] His last words were "Joseph! Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events which filled her childhood days .more Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? [107], Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabeta phonetic alphabet which had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . He was the ninth of eleven children, growing up in an unsettled frontier environment characterized by frequent family moves to various communities throughout upstate New York. The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. In the 1995 film The Avenging Angel, the role of Young was played by Charlton Heston. Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. In the appendix, Twain describes Young as a theocratic "absolute monarch" defying the will of the U.S. government, and alleges using a dubious source that Young had ordered the Mountain Meadows massacre. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". [109] During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. Conditions Governing Access. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. The Love and Laws of God By President Russell M. Nelson ,, An address given at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, on September 17, 2019. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. Brigham Young University. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. Three of the Aposoles did not follow Brigham Young. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. . He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. Lucy and Young had seven children together. [79] Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. [178] In 1865, Karl Maeser began to privately tutor Young's fifty-six children and stopped when he was called on a mission to Germany in 1867. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. In the Season 5 mid-season finale, "False Prophets", Young's son, Phineas, attempts to murder his father. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. [179][180][181], At the time of Young's death, nineteen of his wives had predeceased him; he was divorced from ten, and twenty-three survived him. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo and More Avengers Praise Little Boy Who Saved Sister in Dog Attack. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. [5] Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. [37] He became the oldest member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles when David Patten died after the Battle of Crooked River. [21], After visiting Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Brigham set out to preach with his brother Joseph in the winter of 1832-1833. As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. [31][32] In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of the Doctrine and Covenants. [54][55] In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty, which later organized the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. History of Brigham Young, entry dated 5 Jan. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA. It is that selfless attitude that captured the hearts of . [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. [152], Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. [19] In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. Historians have come to different conclusions on whether contemporary records support this "transfiguration of Brigham Young" (also sometimes called the "mantle phenomenon") as an authentic experience, whatever its causation. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. At the north end of the Beehive House was a family store, at which Young's wives and children had running accounts and could buy what they needed. John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation. These included a wagon express company, a ferryboat company, a railroad and the manufacturing of processed lumber, wool, sugar beets, iron, and liquor. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. [61] Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and the latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. He was initially skeptical on whether or not the school's administration would allow the speech but received a message of encouragement from the administrator who reviewed his speech, telling him it was great and to . Later, as Young is generally understood to have taught, Adam returned to the earth to become the biological father of Jesus. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. [102], On October 16, 1875, Young deeded buildings and land in Provo, Utah to a board of trustees for establishing an institution of learning, ostensibly as part of the University of Deseret. [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. Joseph had been a Reformed Methodist preacher and the two made a similar "preaching circuit" in eastern Canada. As part of the Reformation, almost all "active" or involved LDS Church members were rebaptized as a symbol of their commitment. . [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . [74] Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [123][124][125], Young is generally considered to have instituted a church ban against conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, who had generally been treated equally to white men in this respect under Smith's presidency. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". . [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. He said his son's injuries were caused by an uncontrolled dog at the Crossroads Dog Park. There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. For two years, the monument stood as a memorial to those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. By 1870, it had all but disappeared from use.[108]. 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